Saturday, January 25, 2020

Effects of Moderate Alcohol Consumption on Oxidative Stress

Effects of Moderate Alcohol Consumption on Oxidative Stress Abstract Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Moderate alcohol consumption has various favourable metabolic changes. In this study Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and activities of enzymatic antioxidants namely superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) were determined in 120 non smoker healthy males with self reported daily consumption of 90ml or 120ml of whisky and rum. 30 non smoker healthy males with no history of alcohol consumption were taken as controls. The result shows significantly elevated levels of MDA (p

Friday, January 17, 2020

Was Public Health Better in the Roman Era or the Middle Ages?

In my opinion, the Romans had superior public health, as they had much better sanitation and plumbing systems, which were in the Middle Ages available solely in monasteries, rather than entire towns. This was due to the fact that the Romans' infrastructure and methods of treatment were more developed than Medieval ones, as well as the fact that the Roman government were far more involved in the health of their citizens than later rulers, who found war and developing trade far more important, and viewed civilians' health as their own responsibility.The Roman towns were also much better planned and built than those in the Middle Ages, which often placed wells and sources of drinking and bathing water in close proximity to cesspits and sewers, which led to infected water and cholera and typhoid outbreaks. Furthermore, many Medieval streets were filled with filth, such as animal carcasses, human and animal excrement, waste from butchers and tanners, and many more sources of disease, as b acteria could grow freely and infect people very easily.As well as this, there were also very poor food standards, and it was not unusual for dishonest meat sellers to sell low-quality meat which could have caused disease, although a law was instated, decreeing that distributors of bad meat would be locked in the pillory. The Romans also had better waste disposal and water transportation systems, which allowed people to obtain clean drinking water, although there may still have been a risk of illness, as most pipes were made of lead, which is toxic.Their medical skills were also slightly better than those of Medieval doctors, as most Roman doctors were much better trained and taught about natural causes of disease, which gave them a considerable advantage over the mostly Church-educated doctors of the Middle Ages, who believed more extensively in supernatural ideas and religion-based methods of prevention and treatment of disease.An example of this is the Black Death, which killed 5 0 000 people in Europe, and was spread very quickly due to poor sanitation, ineffective cures, which would in many cases have made the patient worse, such as ingesting bile or faeces, or relying solely on prayers or religious ideas, rather than actively seeking a reliable cure, which was impossible without a knowledge of the true cause of diseases, although they did attempt to limit its spread by locking up houses which were infected with the disease. However, the Roman Empire was also poorly quipped to deal with plagues, such as the one which occurred in AD 80, and claimed hundreds of lives. However, public health in the Middle Ages did have some benefits: the towns often employed people such as gong farmers and muck rakers to survey and clean the streets to prevent disease, and remove sewage, although it was not possible to employ enough to maintain the cleanliness. The Romans had a similar system which worked to much greater advantage. Medieval towns also developed regulations an d fines for littering and dirtying the streets, although these could not be easily enforced.As well as this, the rich were happy to pay the fines and continue to deposit refuse in the streets. Moreover, near the end of the Dark Ages, butchers were banned from working in the inner city, which prevented pollution and assisted in keeping the streets clean. In conclusion, I believe that public health was much better under Roman rule, although the Medieval government did endeavour to improve the situation (albeit without much success. ) This is further evidenced by the average life expectancy in each era: it fell from 42 in the Roman era to 35, proving that standards had dropped dramatically since the Roman period.

Thursday, January 9, 2020

Service Quality Hospitality - 4958 Words

MANAGING SERVICE QUALITY IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY THROUGH MANAGING THE ‘MOMENT OF TRUTH’: A THEORETICAL APPROACH Deborah Christine Widjaja Lecturer, Hotel Management Program, Faculty of Economics, Petra Christian University Email: dwidjaja@peter.petra.ac.id Abstract: Hospitality industry is one of the service businesses that pays so much attention to service quality as it is the main intangible product that it produces. This short article examines how to manage service quality in hospitality industry through managing the ‘moment of truth’ or service encounter. The analysis is done by referring to some problems and challenges in managing service encounters. The results of the analysis show some important points to consider when managing†¦show more content†¦The functional quality is how a customer receives the service and how he experiences the simultaneous production and consumption process. All the tangibles will create the technical quality but the intangibles will generate the functional quality. For example in a restaurant setting, the delicious food served to the guest is the technical quality of a service; while how the guest is treated and served by the waiter is the functional quality. Both of them give influence to the customer in perceiving the service quality. Very often the service provider who performs better in functional quality will gain competitive advantage when most of service providers provide relatively the same technical quality. SERVICE ENCOUNTER OR â€Å"MOMENT OF TRUTH† The term service encounter and ‘moment of truth’ are used interchangeably when discussing the period of time where customers interact directly with a service. As it is stated by Lovelock (2002) that ‘moment of truth’ is â€Å"a point in service delivery where customers interact with service employees or self-service equipment and the outcome may affect perceptions of service quality† (p. 55). In the ‘moment of truth’, a careless mistake by an employee, a rude behavior or an unanticipated request by a guest can result in a dissatisfied guest (Kotler, 2003, p. 353). It is the crucial moment for service provider to influence customer perception of service quality. For example, a hotel guest may experience several serviceShow MoreRelatedCustomer Satisfaction in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry: Analysis on Service Quality and Service Failure1986 Words   |  8 Pages1.0 TITLE OF THE STUD Y Customer Satisfaction in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry: Analysis on service quality and service failure 2.0 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY / INTRODUCTION Customer satisfaction plays a crucial role for success and survival in today’s competitive market. Customer satisfaction is considered a prerequisite for customer retention and loyalty, and obviously helps in realizing economic goals like profitability, market share, return on investment, etc. (Scheuing, 1995; Reichheld,Read MoreThe Hospitality Industry : The Quality Of A Product And Service Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesIn the hospitality industry, the success of an establishment depends on several factors such as the quality of a product and service. Unfortunately, the majority of customers are dissatisfied by the way companies resolve problems. Moreover, research has proven that customers often have more negative impressions after they go through the service-recovery process(Tax and Brown, 1998). Nonetheless, each companies utilize divergent methods for service recovery in order to please a customer. In an establishmentRead More Service quality of hospitality information system Essay1230 Words   |  5 Pages Service quality of hospitality information system has emerged as an important function under discussion for the hospitality industry in IRAN which has been identified as one of the efficient structures for the organizational performance within the competitive marketplace regarding hospitality information system (lewis 1993) .The service quality of hospitality information system provide equivalent services ,establishing high service quality ,supplement customer satisfaction, and enlargeRead MoreCustomer Contribution to Improving Service Quality in the Hospitality Industry5193 Words   |  21 PagesQuality Management in Services Drago Constantin Vasile The Bucharest Academy of Economic Studies, Romania E-mail: dragoscv@gmail.com Abstract The actors on the today business stage have no more well-defined roles with clear and rigid borders between them. Hospitality industry in particular is a good example how it has been blurred the roles that customers play in dealing with service providers. The study reveals that customers can influence the quality of hospitality service through performingRead MoreThe Influence of a Hotel Quality of Service and Image and its Effect on Tourism Customer Loyalty1569 Words   |  7 PagesI. Statement of Problem Hospitality and tourism have evolved into truly global industries are dispersed worldwide. Due to changes in lifestyle, the services offered by hospitality businesses are now considered to be necessities. Consequently, during the past decade, there has been an exponential growth in hospitality businesses to meet the demands of the growing market. Today, hospitality organizations are faced with intense competition. Hence, in the scheme of business, it has become apparent thatRead MoreFood and Beverage Service Standard1469 Words   |  6 PagesRICHARD HUNTER 16/08/12 | [BBHM102: Food and Beverage Service Standards] | Assessment 1: Service Quality Standards | Table of Contents Introduction: 3 Body: 4 Conclusion 6 REFERENCES: 7 Executive Summary The report’s aim is designed to examine the five fundamental concepts of food and beverage service quality standards for a commercial hospitality operation and hence recommendations can be review to enhance the service’s quality in providing and delivering guest’s experience. The researchRead MoreThe Experience Economy : A Theater And Every Business1552 Words   |  7 Pagesparticipant in the search of experiences that will personally amaze and engage them. (Schmitt, 1999). For a business to be successful, goods alone are not enough (B J Pine II J H Gilmore 1999). Consumers are tired of standardized products and services – they are seeking those that have been specifically designed for them, based on their perceptions. In the context of this economy, the authors propose to abandon the traditional relationship between the company and customers. Instead, the companyRead MoreStrategies to Empower Employees in Service Industries to Improve Profits1469 Words   |  6 Pages1. Many companies in the service sector, large hotels and resorts for example, is implementing empowerment strategies to improve the quality of service provided to residents and guests. Search the internet for an example of such a company with particular emphasis on strategies use d to empower front line staff. The basic source of providing competitive advantage and the customer satisfaction in the hotel enterprises is the employee. Empowerment applications play a significant role in increasingRead MoreThe Model And Dual Concerns Model1057 Words   |  5 Pagesare in conflict with each other.† (White, 2014) The hospitality industry is a fickle industry. Predictions can be made as to when it gets busy and when it is quiet. However, due to its fickle nature due to surrounding factors affecting the business, there will be days when it will unexpectedly get busy. An extra set of hands will then be needed to cover the increase in the number of customers coming into the establishment for the services offered. Therefore, many employers will call in casualRead MoreReport On Service Quality Of Remington Hotel1678 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Report on Service Quality of Remington Hotel Introduction The concept of quality holds a central place in the hotel industry where servicing is the main part of the business. Lewis and Booms (1983) commented that service quality is â€Å"a measure of how well the service match with the customer expectations† on a consistent basis. Parasuraman et al (1985, p. 42) stated, â€Å"Quality is an elusive and indistinct construct† Quality is comparison between expectation and performance. Parasuraman et al (1988)

Wednesday, January 1, 2020

Being a Responsible Business - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2686 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Level High school Did you like this example? 1.0 Introduction Nowadays responsible business is becoming increasingly more important to every organization in order to have a better image. Responsible business can be also known as corporate social responsibility. According to Richard Watts, corporate social responsibility is the commitment of the business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workplace and their families as well as of the local community and society at large continuously orbuk.org.uk (2009). Sime Darby is a major Malaysia-based multinational conglomerate that involve in 5 main industries such as property, plantations, energy and utilities, industrial and motors that operates in more than 20 countries simedarby.com (2014). This organization was formed in 2007 with the merging of 3 organizations, Kumpulan Sime Darby Berhad, Kumpulan Guthrie Berhad and Golden Hope Plantations Berhad securities.com (2014). Sime Darby was listed as the m ain market in Bursa Malaysia. 2.0 The current business practices for Sime Darby 2.1 Student scholarship by (YSD) Sime Darby is a company that focuses much on education for people in the society. The company is always trying to offer expertise and knowledge at all levels of education for students who cannot afford to pay and underprivileged. There are 2 foundations that provide scholarships and bursaries for local students. The 2 companies are Yayasan Sime Darby (YSD) and Sime Bardy Foundation. According to Sime Darby, YSD supports initiatives that reduce gaps in access to quality education between urban and rural societies, and those that improve access to basic education for the marginalized yayasansimedarby.com (2014). Both foundations are to provide for people who have the ability of leadership for vocational, certificate, diploma and undergraduate courses in local and also foreign universities. They have provided scholarships to more than 2200 students over the last 30 years. And in 2013 itself, YSD have offered 395 scholarships to Malaysians and other countries like Indonesia and Liberia where Sime Darby operates yayasansimedarby.com (2014). In 2014, YSD foundation had offered scholarships and bursaries for 247 students in order for them to fulfill their dreams. This article came out in The Star newspaper at 13 August 2014 yayasansimedarby.com (2014). 2.2 SAFE Project Sime Darby is an organization that focuses on protecting the environment by reducing the operational carbon in over 20 countries. They always guide on how to consume the energy and water properly, how to manage the wastes and how to use the raw materials wisely. Sime Darby Property, for example, was awarded the 2010 Frost Sullivan Malaysian Green Builder of the Year. The Sime Darby Idea House also received the Cityscape Best Developer award in the Green Development (Future) Category from Cityscape Singapore in the same year (Sharon Yam) (2013). There are a few contri butions done by Sime Darby in recycling and awareness such as collecting 41392.7 kilograms of recyclable wastes, collecting 200 litres of used cooking oil, distributing 32000 energy saving light bulbs and 4000 recipients of energy saving light bulbs, classifying 14 workplaces and buildingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ garbage and having 150 young sustainability ambassadors. The organization has also planted more than 6658 trees. 2.3 Protecting wildlife habitat Besides that, this organization also invested in species rehabilitation and conservation, biodiversity management and also researches and studies to reduce environmental impact in order to sustain the natural resources and protect the environment. Sime Darby gives full support to protect 5000 orang utan in the ULU SEGAMA Forest Management Area in Sabah. The area covers about 250000 hectares and 60% of the land need special care due to logging activities suffering. With the contributions, Sime Darby was awarded notable achievement i n Environmentl Performance, Prime Ministerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Hibiscus Award (rizalstarz) scribd.com (2009). Moreover, there are a few projects done by Sime Darby to sustain the environment. One of the projects is the stability for Altered Forest Ecosystems (SAFE) Project. This project is the world largest ecological experiment as measured by the size and breadth of the ecological process. The main reason of this is to find out more ways to have a better management of oil palm plantations and maintaining the ecological biodiversity. Another project is to protect Borneo rhinoceros sanctuary (BRS) in Sabah. The species of Bornean Sumatran Rhinoceros are facing the danger of extinction. Therefore, this project can be a symbol of Sime Darby. Sime Darby is determined in supporting this project although it may be hard. But, the hard works done by them shows great effective and give new hope in the past few years after saving a wild female Bornean Sumatran Rhinoceros named Puntung. Punt ung was rescued from the Tabin Wildlife Reserve and airlifted to the BRS on December 25, 2011. BRS is located in the Tabin Wildlife Reserve to give a natural and safe environment in order to protect the rhinoceros from poaching, illegal hunting. The core funding of the BRS about RM11.4 million are from Yayasan Sime Darby (YSD) for 6 years from 2009 to 2015. 2.4 Community services They take part of many charity events, massive projects and support large-scale and long-term environmental conservation programs to enhance bio- and eco-diversity simedarby.com (2014). According to the Sime Darby website, the organization has investments by bringing together with communities where they have direct impact and stakeholders will have influence on operations. The investment may include building more facilities and give positive effect to community. The investment will promote the Millennium Development Goals, to address the universal basic needs and upholding and respecting human rights simedarby.com (2014). The core areas of development of Sime Darby will include the alleviation of poverty, to increase job creation, delivery of basic healthcare, the provision of shelter, access to public infrastructure and amenities, supporting and promoting human rights, disaster relief aid and the engagement to charitable contributions simedarby.com (2014). 2.5 Sime Darbyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s transparency of financial statement Sime Darby is one of the companies that have corporate scandal. The corporate scandals include falsification of financial statements and not environment friendly act that may harm the society. These acts will cause many problems to the organization, customers and community. When Sime Darby is facing scandals, it will cost vast amount of money that may involve hundreds of millions. The falsification of financial statements will include inflating organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s profit by creating fake invoices. The boards of directors are playing an important role of a trustee or a fiduciary role in order to make sure to have a reliable financial reports credit and investment decisions. This is an important component of ethical behavior because it is an obligation to report the financial status of the organization to the shareholders (Zalailah Salleh, Hafiza Aishah Hashim, Shamsul Nahar Abdullah) (2012). Sime Darby is the second largest company by the market value in Malaysia, the chief executive officer, Ahmad Zubir Murshid, was fired due to taking the responsible of cost overruns on projects in Qatar and the Bakun hydro-electric dam. The main reason of removing Ahmad Zubir was because he made great losses on many engineering and construction projects (Prashanth Beleya, Gopalan Raman, Charles Ramendren, Suresh Nodeson) (2012). As Sime Darby were facing many problems, but the investors are helpless demand to have a thorough investigation for the transparency and the public accountability. In order to be an ethical and res ponsible company, it is essential for everything to be transparent but Sime Darby failed to do to guide effective decision making. Sime Darby tried to cover things that may bring bad impression to the image of the company. Not only have that, the minority shareholders were hoping the board of directors to given them a clearer understanding. As for being a successful organization, it is important to satisfy stakeholders and also shareholders. The 4 principle of corporate governance are accountability, transparency, responsibility and fiduciary. This article shows that Sime Darby did not a good system of corporate governance principles because for accountability, Sime Darby refuse to admit the losses even it is confirmed by the external auditors. Secondly, for transparency, they fail to reveal overrun cost. Next for responsibility, they have made poor business decisions. Lastly, for fiduciary, they have possible bribery and abuse of the boardsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ power and position. Indeed, as Sime Darby is one of the largest organizations in Malaysia, the company must provide accountability and transparency to satisfy shareholders, customers and society. 2.6 Bonus issue In November 23, 2012, Sime Darby Bhdà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s plantation was sued by plantation workersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ union on alleged bonus payoff discrepancies. The union filed an industrial court case based on the dispute to the lower management and operation staffs who received low bonuses. The All Malayan Estate Staff Union (Amesu) believes it has five strong cases involving staff at the Sime Darby Plantation Sdn Bhd, but has decided to proceed with one case concerning bonus payouts for its financial year 2010/2011. Moreover, Jey Kumar, the secretary- general of AMESU stated that they had sent a letter to Sime Darby to state the unjust treatment of bonuses among lower management and operation staffs (John Gilbert) freemalaysiatoday.com (2012). 2.7 Ineffective appraisal system Sim e Darby has later received even more complaints regarding the dissatisfaction of bonuses by the lower management. They stated that senior or higher management get to have better bonuses and even have some junior staffs that did not received bonuses at all. The unfairness of bonuses issues have causes the organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s appraisal system to be ineffective. Therefore, this may demotivate the employees. The union also stated that other plantation organizations such as Kuala Lumpur Kepong Bhd and IOI Corp Bhd have a better and more structured way for bonus payout and giving a more effective appraisal system for the employees (John Gilbert) freemalaysiatoday.com (2012). 2.8 The low job satisfaction Auto Bavaria is one of the well-known brands under Sime Darby Motor Division Sdn Bhd. It is the biggest retail service organization of BMW, MINI Cooper and Motorrad in Malaysia. This organization is founded in 1988 where it consists of many professional and well trained t echnicians and employees. The main purpose of this organization is to make customer satisfaction as their first priority. But this organization is facing problems with the employees (Akmal Syalwani Binti Idris) A Study on the Impact of Psychological Empowerment in Employee Performance in Sime Darby Motors Division, Auto Bavaria, Glenmarie, Shah Alam (n.d). The supervisors and managers always have heavy workloads and have many problems to solve by themselves. They often stay back in offices and need to work overtime to finish their works or they will need to take their time on weekends to meet the work deadlines. This problem is cause by not empowering the works properly to the employees well. The middle management have lack of trust and confidence towards the employees because they think that the employees cannot help them to solve the problems or not able to make decisions. Moreover, the middle management will think that the employees are lack of knowledge and skill when making decisions. Not only in Auto Bavaria Organization, according to the glassdoor website, there is a review about employees who works in Sime Darby organization. Although there are pros but there are also many cons for working in the organization. The pros reviews of working in Sime Darby are having benefits that cover many areas such as family, healthcare, housing and car, have a stable working life and able to expose in many industries. As for the cons, most of the reviews stated that there is low job satisfaction. The employeesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ potential is hardly being realized by the middle management. Moreover, the employees can hardly get job promotions and hae limited growth opportunities (Anon) glassdoor.com (2014). 3.0 Ranking with ethical theories 3.1 Environment There are many evidences that show Sime Darby is an organization that put in a lot of efforts in protecting our mother nature. The organization focuses on conserving the forests, protecting the habitat o f endangered species animals, conserving the raw materials and sustaining natural resources. Sime Darby is the leading organization that is involved in CSR practices. According to St Francis of Assisi, he understood that God communicates to us through the natural world à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" through animals, birds and trees à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and that it is a sin to destroy them. The world is actually good and it is a sign of Godà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s goodness, so it is the responsible of human being to inspire our love and care for the nature https://cw.routledge.com/ (2008). As refer to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the father of CSRà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, Bowen (1953), one of the obligations that businesses need to pursue organizational policies and able to make decisions that are good for both social objectives and values is CSR (Sharon Yam) (2012). 3.2 Community Sime Darby is an organization that gives in in many activities in community services. Sime Darby gives in return to the society for suppo rting them. Manley II 1991 stated that many organizations nowadays focus more on the importance of good corporate citizenship and the responsible towards the society under the code of conduct of the business (Loh Leong Hua Ragayah Haji Mat Zin, 2007). Moreover, according to Elkington (1997) stated that social responsibility can be divided into 3 fold which are economic value, ecological value and social value. Economic value is mainly on making profit, whereas ecological value is engaging activities that will benefit to environment and lastly social value will be engaging activities that will benefit to community and also to life (Samuel O. Idowu, Walter Leal Filho) (2009). 3.3 Shareholders The shareholders of Sime Darby had a feeling of unfair due to the falsification of financial statement of the organization. According to Milgrom and Roberts 1992, they stated that when the boards of directors do not have activities that will give benefit or value added to shareholders, the issue of moral hazard will come into the play (Loh Leong Hua Ragayah Haji Mat Zin, 2007). On the other hand, Thillainathan (1999) and Ang et al. (2000) stressed out that corporate transparency practices are necessary to make sure shareholder have effective control and protection (Loh Leong Hua Ragayah Haji Mat Zin, 2007). 3.4 Employee The bonuses issues between the lower management and Sime Darby have caused the ineffective appraisal system of the employees whereas the middle and top management have better bonuses than the low management of Sime Darby. The employees are demotivated due to the unfairness. According to Archie B.Carroll, 1979, he argued that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the social responsibility of business encompasses the economic, legal, ethical and discretionary expectations that society has of organizations at a given point in time.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Moreover under a motor company of Sime Darby, employees are facing job dissatisfaction. The employees are facing heavy wo rkloads and didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t get trust from the middle management of the organization. In the argument of Gergen (1991), it stated that people do not possess knowledge in their heads, but people who work together are more important. 4.0 Recommendations As for my opinion, I think that Sime Darby should treat all employees the fairly as they are all working together in the same organization. Extrinsic rewards like bonus is important to motivate the employees after working hard for the whole year. All employees are needed to be viewed equally in order to motivate them to enjoy working in the organization. Demotivation will lead to the inefficiency of works by the employees. Moreover, the middle management should give more trust and confidence towards the employees to make decisions. If the middle management is worried that the employees couldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t handle the job, they can give employees more training or guide employees but not to have everything in their control. By giving the employees more trust, they will feel that they have a value in the organization. They will tend to be more hardworking and more serious towards their job. 5.0 Conclusion As for conclusion, business ethics are important for every organization to practice. An organization that has their business practices ethically will benefit the stakeholders and shareholders. Sime Darby is one of the best organizations that have great concern on protecting the environment. Sime Darby put in a lot of efforts to sustain the environment. Not only that, Sime Darby has many community services to help the society. An organization, of course they will have a few unethical business practices because nothing is perfect in this world. One of the unethical issues was the falsification of financial statements in 2012. They did not provide a transparent report to show the shareholders. Another issue was the bonus issue of the lower management of Sime Darby employees. The bonus is sue had caused the low satisfaction of employees. 1 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Being a Responsible Business" essay for you Create order